Desobediencia civil en la India

Efemérides de hoy en la Historia de Venezuela (referencias de En Oriente, Portal de Apure, Diario El Tiempo y, Vinicio Romero Qué celebramos hoy):

1818: En la Campaña de los Llanos, Bolívar decide tomar la ofensiva y marchar hacia Villa de Cura y Páez toma San Fernando de Apure.

1874: Muere en Caracas, Juana Bolívar, hermana del Libertador.

2002: La heroína Josefa Camejo al Panteón Nacional.

Efemérides de hoy en la Historia Universal (referencia de la BBC, wikipedia y educar.org):

1618: Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.

1775: Thomas Paine's "African Slavery in America" was published. It was the first article in the United States calling for the emancipation of all slaves and the abolition of slavery.

1782: Gnadenhütten massacre: Some 90 Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio, who had converted to Christianity had their skulls crushed with mallets by Pennsylvanian militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indians.

1862: American Civil War: The iron-clad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia.

1911: International Women's Day is launched in Copenhagen, Denmark, by Clara Zetkin, leader of the Women's Office for the Social Democratic Party in Germany.

1917: Riots and strikes break out in St. Petersburg, Russia, marking the start of the Russian Revolution.

1930: El Mahatma Gandhi ordena el inicio de la desobediencia civil en la India.

1934: Edwin Hubble muestra que hay más galaxias que estrellas en la Vía Láctea.

Segunda Guerra Mundial

1942: Muere José Raúl Capablanca, ajedrecista cubano.Segunda Guerra Mundial

1942: The Dutch surrender to Japanese forces on Java.

1942: Japan captures Rangoon, Burma.

1942: British bombers begin a new style of air raid, using incendiary bombs to light the way for a nighttime attack on the Krupp armament works in Essen. The long series of attacks reduce the city to ruins.

1943: World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a battle that will last five days.

1945: Allied forces move large numbers of troops across the Rhine River to significantly reinforce and expand their tenuous hold on the captured Ludendorff Bridge (Bridge at Remagen), allowing them to push some armor across the river and better secure the nascent lodgement.

Guerrra Fría

1950: Marshal Voroshilov announces that the Soviet Union possesses the atomic bomb.

1957: Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.

1963: The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria in a Coup d'état by a clique of quasi-leftist Syrian Army officers calling themselves the National Council of the Revolutionary Command.

1965: Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam, becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.

1966: Vietnam War: Australia announces it is going to substantially increase its number of troops in Vietnam.

Otros

1990: El M-19 colombiano entrega sus armas tras dieciséis años de lucha armada, mediante un pacto con el Gobierno.